Standardized -- different examiners give the same test to different people.

Objective -- different examiners give the same score to the same person.

Differences in test scores across people are supposed to mean that people in are different on the attribute or trait of interest, not on the test given or who scores it. People give tests for a reason. People usually try to make the test scores come out the way they want one way or another. In addition to factors related to the test itself (e.g., multiple choice vs. essay) problems occur because of examiner factors and examinee factors.

1. Insurance industry example 1

2. Court case example 1.

3. Insurance industry example 2

1. School evaluation.

2. Parents testing their own children.

3. Assessment Center Judges.
4. Assessment Center Actors

The interpretation of test scores rests on assumptions about the motivation of the person tested. In general, people are expected to try hard, to persist, and perhaps to be truthful.

A. Computer tests

1. Confidential questions

2. pursuit tests

B. Intelligence tests

1. rapport

2. motivation to try hard

3. fear or anxiety

C. Personality Tests

D. Business Simulations

1. Group discussion

2. In-basket