Crawford, Peggy L. August, 1980 - SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS: AN EVALUATION OF SOCIAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES IN THE GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
Abstract: This thesis explores social impact assessment (SIA)
within the broader processes of environmental impact assessment
(EIA) and transportation planning. A brief history of the
development of transportation planning is put forth, and the
technical models utilized in identifying the need for a project
are discussed. The legal mandate and federal requirements for
incorporating an EIA into the planning process are described with
special attention given to the requirement for SIA. The EIA
process itself is discussed and methodological approaches to it
outlined.
SIA is considered here as an integral aspect of the overall EIA
process and its goals relative to that process are discussed.
Three of the more salient impacts to the social environment and
their effects are identified, and an analysis is given of several
SIA methodologies specifically designed for use in the planning
of highway facilities.
An example of SIA procedures utilized in the EIA process by the
Georgia Department of Transportation is given based upon the
author's research at that agency. The research design and
methodology employed in that research is put forth, and the
current procedures for SIA in use by the agency are evaluated in
terms of their effectiveness in predicting and assessing social
impacts.
It is concluded that the viability of SIA as a functional and
meaningful component of the EIA process, and ultimately the
decision making process, rests upon the ability of social science
to develop methodologies which do not sacrifice scientific
validity and reliability yet may be utilized within the
constraints of the agency. The author suggests that this can only
be accomplished through applied social science research, whereby
the constraints of the agency are identified and the agency is
informed of the theoretical constraints imposed by the field of
SIA.
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