Freese, Ruth Ellen, August 1981 - ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS OF
THE GARDENS AND INTERIOR AREAS OF HOUSES B AND C OF THE SOUTHEAST
ROW HOUSES FORT MICHILIMACKINAC, MICHIGAN
Abstract: During the summer of 1981, in conjunction with the
Mackinac Island Park Commission, the University of South Florida
conducted archaeological excavations at Fort Michilimackinac,
Mackinaw City, Michigan. The fort, located at the intersection of
Lakes Michigan and Huron, has a rich heritage of both British and
French occupation. Fort Michilimackinac, established around 1715,
was inhabited by a French garrison until 1760. The garrison's
primary purpose was to protect traders and maintain friendly
alliance with the local Indians. In 1761, at the conclusion of
the French and Indian War, the British assumed control of the
upper Great Lakes Region and Fort Michilimackinac. Except for a
one-year period, the British continuously occupied the fort until
1781. During their tenure, the British maintained a stringent
military posture for defense of the region. With the threat of
advancing American rebel forces, the fort was dismantled and
moved to nearby Mackinac Island during the winter of 1780/81.
Since the 1950's, the Mackinac Island Park Commission has been
engaged in the excavation and reconstruction of Fort
Michilimackinac. The excavation accomplished by the University of
South Florida was a continuation of this process. During the past
several field sessions, excavation had been conducted in the
Powder Magazine and Rue de Babillarde areas. The work was done in
association with excavations of a series of row houses and garden
areas adjacent to the Rue de Babillarde. The 1980 investigation
continued the previous work in the southeast row house.
The primary objective was to locate the fence and wall ditches
within the gardens and house areas of Houses B and C of the
southeast row house. Additionally, the artifacts recovered from
the excavations were analyzed to provide a basis for cultural
interpretations for both the French and British periods.
Although the wall and fence features were not completely
excavated due to the end of the field season, archaeological
evidence did support their presence. The remaining portions of
the features will be excavated during the summer of 1981 and
together with the artifact analysis, will assist the park
commission in reconstructing both the structures and cultural
habitation of the fort.